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8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the International Organisation site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about International Organisation, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your International Organisation, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
An
international organization is, by definition, any organization with international membership, scope, or presence. However, in common usage, the term is commonly reserved for
intergovernmental organizations (IGO) such as the United Nations, the European Community, or the World Trade Organization, with sovereign states or other IGOs as members. Their scope and aims are most usually in the public interest but may also have been created with a specific purpose.
While many non-governmental organizations (NGOs), a generalizing term used for privately created organizations with international scope, certainly have international presence and aims, it is in the sense of IGOs that the term "international organization" is used in the remainder of this article.
Legal nature
Legally speaking, an international organization may be established by a constituent document such as a charter, a treaty or a
Convention, which when signed by the founding members, provides the IGO with Juristic person. International organizations so established are subject of international law, capable of entering into agreements among themselves or with states. Thus international organizations in a legal sense are distinguished from mere groupings of states, such as the G-8 and the
Group of 77, neither of which have been founded by a constituent document and exist only as
task groups, though in non-legal contexts these are sometimes referred erroneously as international organizations.
International organizations must also be distinguished from treaties. Many treaties (e.g., the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or, in the 1947-1995 period, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)) do not establish an international organization and rely purely on the parties for their administration becoming legally recognized as an
ad hoc commission.
Membership and function
International organizations differ in function, membership and membership criteria. Membership of some organisations (
global organizations) is open to all the nations of Earth as far as they comply with membership criteria and after approval by a general assembly or similar body. This category includes the
United Nations and its specialized agencies and the
World Trade Organization. Other organizations are only open to members from a particular subregion or continent of the world, like European Union,
African Union, ASEAN and other regional organizations.
Finally, some organizations base their membership on other criteria:
cultural or historical links (the
Commonwealth of Nations, La Francophonie, the
Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the Latin Union), level of
economic development or type of economy (
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries (OPEC), or
religion (
Organization of the Islamic Conference).
The Union of International Associations provides ancillary information on international organizations.
Historical Development of International Organizations
International organizations developed mainly from the need of nations and governments to have a neutral forum where to debate and consider matters of importance to more than one particular nation. However, some IOs also developed from the need of an either executive or enforcement body which could carry on multinational interests in an unified form.
Among the first IOs was the future
International Telecommunications Union, which was founded by the signing of the International Telegraph Convention by twenty countries in May 1865.
In the nineteenth century, France showed interest in the creation of many international organizations (such as those which maintain the
SI (
metric system)).
Purpose of International organizations
International organizations describe and define their purpose in their charter or other document of creation. International Organizations exist with diverse aims, including but not limited to increase international relations, promote education, health care, economic development, environmental protection, human rights, humanitarian efforts, inter-cultural approach and conflict resolution.
Examples of organizations
Global organizations
Regional organizations
is member of both the
Council of Europe (COE) and the
Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), and Cuba is currently a Cuban relations with the Organization of American States of the Organization of American States (OAS)
Europe:
Asia:
Eurasia:
Africa:
Western Hemisphere:
Trans-atlantic:
Arctic Ocean:
Indian Ocean:
Pacific:
Organizations with various membership criteria
has overlapping membership with all three of the other organizations shown in the map.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
- OPEC (OPEC)
- Commonwealth of Nations
- La Francophonie
- Comunidade dos países de língua portuguesa (CPLP)
- Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
- Unión Latina
- Non-Aligned Movement
- Arab League
- Organization of the Islamic Conference
- Advisory Centre on WTO Law
- International Parliament for Safety and Peace (IPSP)
Financial international organizations
- Bank for International Settlements
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- World Bank Group
See also
Further reading
- Claude, I.L. (1959). Swords into Plowshares: The problems and progress of international organization. New York: Random House.
An
international organization is, by definition, any organization with international membership, scope, or presence. However, in common usage, the term is commonly reserved for intergovernmental organizations (IGO) such as the United Nations, the European Community, or the World Trade Organization, with sovereign states or other IGOs as members. Their scope and aims are most usually in the public interest but may also have been created with a specific purpose.
While many non-governmental organizations (NGOs), a generalizing term used for privately created organizations with international scope, certainly have international presence and aims, it is in the sense of IGOs that the term "international organization" is used in the remainder of this article.
Legal nature
Legally speaking, an international organization may be established by a constituent document such as a
charter, a treaty or a Convention, which when signed by the founding members, provides the IGO with Juristic person. International organizations so established are
subject of international law, capable of entering into agreements among themselves or with states. Thus international organizations in a legal sense are distinguished from mere groupings of states, such as the G-8 and the Group of 77, neither of which have been founded by a constituent document and exist only as task groups, though in non-legal contexts these are sometimes referred erroneously as international organizations.
International organizations must also be distinguished from treaties. Many treaties (e.g., the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or, in the 1947-1995 period, the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)) do not establish an international organization and rely purely on the parties for their administration becoming legally recognized as an
ad hoc commission.
Membership and function
International organizations differ in function, membership and membership criteria. Membership of some organisations (global organizations) is open to all the nations of
Earth as far as they comply with membership criteria and after approval by a general assembly or similar body. This category includes the
United Nations and its specialized agencies and the World Trade Organization. Other organizations are only open to members from a particular
subregion or continent of the world, like
European Union,
African Union,
ASEAN and other regional organizations.
Finally, some organizations base their membership on other criteria:
cultural or historical links (the Commonwealth of Nations,
La Francophonie, the
Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the Latin Union), level of
economic development or type of economy (
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD),
Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries (OPEC), or
religion (
Organization of the Islamic Conference).
The
Union of International Associations provides ancillary information on international organizations.
Historical Development of International Organizations
International organizations developed mainly from the need of nations and governments to have a neutral forum where to debate and consider matters of importance to more than one particular nation. However, some IOs also developed from the need of an either executive or enforcement body which could carry on multinational interests in an unified form.
Among the first IOs was the future
International Telecommunications Union, which was founded by the signing of the International Telegraph Convention by twenty countries in May 1865.
In the nineteenth century,
France showed interest in the creation of many international organizations (such as those which maintain the
SI (
metric system)).
Purpose of International organizations
International organizations describe and define their purpose in their charter or other document of creation. International Organizations exist with diverse aims, including but not limited to increase international relations, promote education, health care, economic development, environmental protection, human rights, humanitarian efforts, inter-cultural approach and conflict resolution.
Examples of organizations
Global organizations
Regional organizations
is member of both the
Council of Europe (COE) and the
Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), and
Cuba is currently a Cuban relations with the Organization of American States of the Organization of American States (OAS)
Europe:
Asia:
Eurasia:
Africa:
Western Hemisphere:
Trans-atlantic:
- North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Arctic Ocean:
Indian Ocean:
Pacific:
Organizations with various membership criteria
has overlapping membership with all three of the other organizations shown in the map.
Financial international organizations
See also
Further reading
- Claude, I.L. (1959). Swords into Plowshares: The problems and progress of international organization. New York: Random House.
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